Which of the following describes the flow of genetic information?

The correct choice accurately reflects the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the fundamental process by which genetic information is transferred within a biological system. This flow of information begins with DNA, which contains the genetic blueprint for an organism. Through a process called transcription, a specific segment of DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then undergoes translation, where it is read by ribosomes to synthesize proteins, which carry out various functions in the cell.

Understanding this flow of information is essential in genetics and biotechnology as it forms the basis for how genes are expressed and regulated. It provides insight into various biological processes, including gene cloning, expression, and manipulation in biotechnological applications. Recognizing the importance of DNA as the template for RNA, which in turn codes for proteins, lays the groundwork for understanding how traits are inherited and expressed at the molecular level.