What is the primary function of ATP in cellular processes?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a crucial role in cellular processes as the primary energy currency of the cell. Its primary function is to store and transfer energy within cells to power various biochemical reactions that are essential for life.

When cells require energy, ATP can be hydrolyzed to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), releasing energy that can be harnessed for processes such as muscle contraction, active transport of molecules across membranes, and biosynthesis of macromolecules. The ability of ATP to provide immediate energy makes it indispensable for cellular functions.

In contrast, other options reference functions that, while important, do not primarily involve ATP. For example, the storage of genetic information involves molecules like DNA, and signal transduction commonly utilizes molecules such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Additionally, nutrient transport often relies on other mechanisms, including transport proteins and channels rather than ATP itself directly. While ATP may be involved in energizing some of these processes indirectly, its primary and most critical role is as the direct source of energy for a wide range of cellular activities.