What is the function of a genetic marker?

A genetic marker serves a crucial function in molecular biology and genetics by identifying specific sequences of DNA. Genetic markers are fragments of DNA with known locations on chromosomes that can be used to track the inheritance of genes in breeding experiments, genetic mapping, and various genetic studies. They help researchers pinpoint genes associated with certain traits or diseases by highlighting particular regions of the genome.

By providing a reference point, genetic markers allow scientists to analyze genetic variation and identify relationships between genotypes and phenotypes. This identification can be essential for applications such as genetic testing, forensics, and evolutionary biology.

The other options, while relevant to biological processes, do not accurately describe the primary function of genetic markers. Promoting plant growth relates to agricultural biotechnology approaches rather than genetic identification, indicating genetic mutations connects to broader genetic assessments, and measuring environmental impacts pertains to ecological studies rather than the specific role of genetic markers. Thus, the identification of specific DNA sequences is the most accurate characterization of what genetic markers do.