What is meant by "cloning" in the field of biotechnology?

Cloning in the field of biotechnology refers to creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or cell. This process involves replicating the genetic material of a specific organism to produce another organism or cell that has the same DNA. Cloning can occur naturally, as seen in asexually reproducing organisms, but in biotechnology, it often involves techniques like somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed.

Cloning is significant in various applications, including research, agriculture, and medicine. For instance, it can be used to produce genetically modified organisms with desirable traits, create stem cell lines for research, or reproduce animals with specific genetic characteristics. The unique ability to produce identical genetic copies allows for the study and manipulation of genes in controlled conditions, leading to advancements in various biotechnological fields.

The other options do not accurately reflect the concept of cloning: breeding involves sexual reproduction leading to genetic diversity, mutating DNA refers to introducing changes in genetic sequences rather than creating copies, and producing offspring with varied traits again implies genetic diversity rather than exact genetic replication.