What does gene editing achieve?

Gene editing specifically refers to the precise modification of an organism's DNA. This process enables scientists to add, remove, or alter genetic material at particular locations in the genome, resulting in changes to the organism's genetic structure. The significance of gene editing lies in its ability to target specific genes and effect changes that can lead to desired traits or eliminate undesirable ones. This technique is foundational in various applications including agriculture, medicine, and genetic research, allowing for advancements such as disease-resistant crops or gene therapies for genetic disorders.

In contrast, the other options describe different processes: replicating DNA involves copying it without any alterations; fragmenting DNA refers to breaking down the genetic material for further analysis, like during DNA sequencing; and stabilizing existing genetic material does not involve any modification or editing of the DNA sequence itself. These distinctions emphasize the innovative potential and applications of gene editing in biotechnology.