What distinguishes recombinant proteins from monoclonal antibodies?

The distinction highlighted by the choice regarding monoclonal antibodies accurately reflects their nature as identically derived immune cell clones. Monoclonal antibodies are created from a single clone of B lymphocytes that produce a specific antibody, ensuring that all resulting antibodies are identical in structure and function. This homogeneity allows them to target specific antigens effectively, making them valuable in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Recombinant proteins, on the other hand, are a broader category that includes any proteins derived from recombinant DNA technology — they can be produced in various host systems, including bacteria, yeast, insect, and mammalian cells. The production of recombinant proteins is not limited to plants, nor does it preclude their use for therapeutic purposes. In fact, many therapeutic proteins are recombinantly produced, including insulin and certain hormones.

Therefore, the characterization of monoclonal antibodies as clones of identical immune cells is a key aspect that delineates them from recombinant proteins, which can be more diverse in their production methods and applications.