What defines 'cell culture' in biotechnology?

Cell culture in biotechnology refers to the process of growing cells in a controlled environment outside of their natural biological context, which typically involves an artificial medium that provides the necessary nutrients and conditions for cell survival and growth. This method allows researchers to study the biology of specific cell types, including their growth dynamics, responses to treatments, and interactions with other cells.

In detail, cell culture can be used for a variety of applications such as drug testing, cancer research, development of vaccines, and tissue engineering. The effectiveness of cell culture relies on maintaining optimal conditions such as temperature, pH, and gas concentrations, thus creating an environment where cells can thrive and function similarly to how they would in vivo (within a living organism).

The focus of this definition clearly distinguishes cell culture from other biotechnology methods such as cloning, genetic modification, or DNA manipulation, which involve more complex and different biological processes.